Understanding account abstraction gas economics isn't just about saving money. It's about unlocking business models that were impossible before: freemium DeFi apps, gasless gaming experiences.

This guide compares ERC-4337, native account abstraction, and EIP-7702 to help you choose the right implementation for your project.

When you send a text message, you tap send and it arrives instantly. No loading screens, no confirmation steps, no wondering if it worked. The entire experience feels natural and effortless, even though complex technical processes happen behind the scenes routing your message across networks, protocols, and devices. This is

Money is supposed to be simple. You have it, you spend it. But in crypto, we've built something fundamentally more complex than traditional finance while claiming it's the future of payments. The hidden cost isn't just user frustration, it's the systematic exclusion

"Insufficient funds." Two words that have become crypto's most frustrating user experience. You know you have money, just not in the exact token on the exact chain that the app demands. What follows is a familiar dance of despair: switching between apps, hunting for bridges, calculating

In traditional web commerce, when you want to buy something, you know exactly what you need to pay. You see a product for $29.99, click buy, and your payment method handles the rest. You don't start by saying "I have $30, what can I get?"

The internet has always had a built-in payment mechanism that nobody used until now. The HTTP 402 "Payment Required" status code has been dormant since its creation in the HTTP/1.1 specification, waiting for the right technology to bring it to life. Enter x402: a revolutionary protocol